The rule
put them over a common denominator, then compare numerators
Why it works
Fractions with different denominators are pieces of different sizes, so their numerators cannot be compared directly. Rewriting them all over one denominator makes the pieces the same size, and then the larger numerator simply wins.
How to do it by hand
- Find the lowest common multiple of the denominators
- Rewrite each fraction with it
- Compare the numerators directly
- Order the originals accordingly
What is worth knowing
For just two fractions, cross-multiplying is quicker: a/b beats c/d exactly when a × d beats c × b, with a sign check if anything is negative. The common-denominator method scales to any number of fractions and shows the working, which is why it is what gets taught. There is also a shortcut worth knowing: when two fractions have the same numerator, the one with the smaller denominator is larger, because the pieces are bigger. 3/4 beats 3/5 without any calculation at all.