The formula
monthly payment = principal × rate ÷ 12 · final payment = interest + the whole principal
Where it comes from
An interest-only loan repays nothing until the end. You pay the interest each period and the entire principal falls due in a single final payment, often called a bullet or balloon. The monthly cost is low; the total cost is the highest of any structure.
How to work it out by hand
- Multiply the principal by the annual rate and divide by 12
- That same amount is due every month, unchanged
- The balance never moves, so the interest never falls
- In the final month, add the entire principal to the interest
What is worth knowing
The reason this costs so much more is simple: interest is charged on the full amount for the entire term, because nothing is ever repaid. Here that is 180,000 against 107,804 for a repayment loan — 67% more. It makes sense in a few specific cases: bridging finance where the loan is repaid from a sale, corporate bonds, or an investor who genuinely earns more on the capital than the loan costs. It makes no sense at all as a way to afford a house you could not otherwise afford, because the balloon payment does not go away, and the assumption that you can refinance or sell before it lands is exactly the assumption that failed for a great many borrowers in 2008.