The formula
Annual cost = discount / (100 − discount) × 365 / days gained
Where it comes from
Turning down the discount is, in effect, borrowing the invoice amount for the days you delay paying, and the interest on that loan is the discount you forfeited. Because the term is so short, annualising sends the percentage soaring: 2 % over twenty days is almost twenty cycles a year. That is why the answer is nearly always to take it, even if you have to borrow to pay early.
How to work it out by hand
- Work out the discount against what you actually pay: discount ÷ (100 − discount)
- Count the days you bring the payment forward: normal term minus discount term
- Divide 365 by those days: that is how many cycles fit in a year
- Multiply the two to get the annualised cost
What is worth knowing
The simple version, the one that gets taught, multiplies; the effective one compounds and comes out higher, because it assumes reinvesting the saving each cycle. Both lead to the same conclusion. The comparison to make is against the cost of your own financing: if your credit line is at 8 % and skipping the discount costs 37 %, drawing on the line to pay early pays off. Conversely, a supplier offering these discounts is financing themselves very expensively.