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MasterMath

Defrosting Time Calculator

How long a piece takes to defrost by weight, thickness and method, with the hours for each method side by side.

Defrosting time

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Defrosting time—
Method—
In the fridge—
In cold water—
Days in the fridge—
Safety—

How this was worked out

    Indicative result. The fridge and cold water are the safe methods. At room temperature the surface spends hours between 4 and 60 °C, which is the range where bacteria multiply, while the centre is still frozen: it is not recommended, least of all with mince, poultry or fish.

    The formula

    hours ≈ weight × hours per kilo for the method

    Where it comes from

    Defrosting is a heat conduction problem, so what governs it is not only the weight but the thickness: the cold has to come out from the centre and the distance it travels grows with the square. A two-kilo joint and eight two-hundred-and-fifty-gram steaks weigh the same and take very different times. The hours-per-kilo rules work well on normal pieces; on a really thick one the time runs longer, and this says so rather than inventing a coefficient for it.

    How to work it out by hand

    1. Weigh the piece while it is still frozen
    2. Multiply by the hours per kilo for the method: 6 in the fridge, half an hour in cold water
    3. Add a margin if the piece is thick: the cold has to come from the centre
    4. Work backwards from the time you plan to cook

    What is worth knowing

    Cold water is twelve times faster than the fridge because water conducts heat far better than air, but it has to be changed every half hour or it stops being cold, and the piece has to be in a well-sealed bag. One detail few people know: something defrosted in the fridge can be refrozen without cooking, because it never left refrigeration temperature; something defrosted in water or a microwave cannot. And a microwave thaws the outside before the inside, so whatever comes out of it has to be cooked straight away.

    Frequently asked questions

    How long does a chicken take to defrost in the fridge?

    About six hours per kilo: a 1.5 kg chicken, around nine hours.

    Can I defrost in hot water?

    No. The surface enters the danger zone while the centre is still frozen. Cold water, changed every half hour.

    Can I refreeze what I have defrosted?

    Only if it thawed in the fridge and never left refrigeration. If it was water or microwave, cook it first.

    How long in cold water?

    About half an hour per kilo, twelve times faster than the fridge.