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MasterMath

Pet Food Calculator

How much food to give your dog or cat a day, worked out from its real energy requirement and the calories in its food.

Daily portion

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Daily portion—
Per meal—
Calories a day—
Resting requirement—
A 12 kg bag lasts—
Cost per month—

How this was worked out

    Indicative result. This is a reference estimate, not a prescription. An animal that is overweight, ill, pregnant or very young needs a plan from a vet, and the portion is always adjusted by how its weight and body condition actually change.

    The formula

    RER = 70 × weight^0.75 · daily need = RER × factor

    Where it comes from

    Resting energy requirement is not proportional to weight but to weight to the power three quarters, because metabolism scales with body surface rather than mass. That means a forty kilo dog does not eat twice what a twenty kilo one does: it eats sixty-eight per cent more. On top of that resting requirement goes a factor for the animal situation, from one for a neutered cat up to three for a puppy in full growth. Converting to grams then depends on the food, and there the differences between brands are enormous.

    How to work it out by hand

    1. Work out the resting requirement: 70 times the weight to the power 0.75
    2. Multiply it by the factor for its situation
    3. Divide by the calories per hundred grams of the food and multiply by a hundred
    4. Split the result between the meals of the day

    What is worth knowing

    Calories per hundred grams are printed on the bag and vary a great deal: from 320 in a light food to 420 in a high-energy one, which changes the portion by nearly a third for the same animal. That is why switching brands while keeping the grams the same is one of the commonest reasons a dog puts on weight with nobody understanding why. Treats count too: they should not exceed ten per cent of daily calories, and that ten per cent has to come off the food.

    Frequently asked questions

    How much food should I give my dog?

    It depends on weight and on the food. A 20 kg dog with normal activity needs about 930 kcal, which at 350 kcal/100 g is around 265 g.

    Why is it not proportional to weight?

    Because metabolism scales with weight to the power 0.75: twice the dog does not eat twice as much.

    How many meals a day?

    Two is usual for adults. Puppies need three or four.

    What about treats?

    They should stay under 10 % of daily calories, and you have to take them off the portion.