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MasterMath

NPK Fertilizer Calculator

How many kilos of an NPK compound to apply and which straight fertilizers top it up, without going over on any of the three nutrients.

Compound per hectare

—

Compound per hectare—
Compound for the whole field—
50 kg bags—
Urea to top up the nitrogen—
Superphosphate for the phosphorus—
Muriate of potash for the potassium—
Cost of the compound—

How this was worked out

    The formula

    kg of compound = need ÷ grade × 100, taking the smallest of the three

    Where it comes from

    A compound carries the three nutrients in a fixed ratio, and a crop’s needs are rarely in that same ratio. So the compound cannot cover all three at once: it either falls short on one or goes over on another. Going over is not harmless. Excess nitrogen leaches towards the aquifer and is money buried; excess phosphorus locks up in the soil and nobody gets it. So the rule is to apply the rate that goes over on none of them — the smallest of the three — and top up the rest with straights, which carry one nutrient and can be dosed separately.

    How to work it out by hand

    1. For each nutrient, divide what the crop needs by the grade of the compound and multiply by a hundred
    2. Take the smallest of the three figures: that is the compound rate
    3. Work out what that rate supplies of each nutrient and subtract it from the need
    4. Cover the gap with urea, superphosphate or muriate of potash, each by its own grade

    What is worth knowing

    The crop’s needs do not come from this calculator: they come from removal per tonne of harvest and from a soil test, which says what is already there. A soil rich in potassium needs no potassium even if the crop removes it. And phosphorus and potassium are declared as oxides — P₂O₅ and K₂O — because that is how bags are labelled; if the test comes as the element, convert first.

    Frequently asked questions

    Why not apply the rate that covers nitrogen?

    Because that would go far over on phosphorus and potassium. The cheap and correct move is to use the compound up to where it fits and top up nitrogen with urea, the cheapest unit of N there is.

    What does 15-15-15 mean?

    Fifteen per cent nitrogen, fifteen phosphorus as P₂O₅ and fifteen potassium as K₂O. The rest of the bag is carrier.

    How much nitrogen does my crop need?

    It depends on the species and the yield you expect. It is worked out from removal and adjusted with a soil test and the nitrogen left over from last year.

    Does it work for a small plot?

    Yes. Put the area in hectares — a hundred square metres is 0.01 — and the needs per hectare; the arithmetic is the same.