The formula
kWh = power (W) ÷ 1,000 × hours of use
Where it comes from
The wattage gives the rate at which it draws power; multiplied by the hours it gives the energy. It is divided by a thousand because bills are in kilowatt hours. Each appliance's power is on its label or its rating plate.
How to work it out by hand
- Divide the wattage by 1,000 for kilowatts
- Multiply by the hours of use a day
- Multiply by the days in the month
- Multiply by the price per kWh on your tariff
What is worth knowing
Standby is the invisible cost in any home: a television switched off but plugged in draws between 0.5 and 3 W, and across a whole household that can be 5 % to 10 % of the bill. To find the real draw of an old appliance, a plug-in meter costs very little and tends to surprise: fridges over fifteen years old often use twice what a current one does.